Providing Opportunities for Scholarship and Research

CID Summer 2005 Convening: Developing Researchers and Scholars

Topic 4: Developing a Professional Identity as a Researcher and Scholar

Howard University, Department of Chemistry

This Snapshot describes how the doctoral program in the Department of Chemistry helps teach students to become researchers and scholars.

Making the shift from considering oneself a student to seeing oneself as an active and contributing member of the discipline is an important change in professional identity. Self-identifying as a chemist or an historian implies active participation in a broad disciplinary community of researchers and scholars. It means embracing the identity of a steward of the discipline, responsible for the future of the field and the next generations of scholars.



Summary Description

In May, 2005, after several months of deliberations, the faculty adopted a revised doctoral program. The revised program has three major initiatives:

  • Early assessment of students' competency and commitment (Quality control)
  • Flexible curriculum that enables interdisciplinary research
  • Opportunities for integrating communication and learning skills into the program
  • These collectively constitute the strategies that we intend to use to develop our students into professional scientists capable of leadership roles in academic, government, and industrial careers.

    Summer Academic Enhancement

    The program starts with a summer academic enhancement workshop that prepares the students for a seamless transition into the university and the graduate program. Towards this end, we collaborate with the on-campus Alliance for Graduate Education and the Professoriate (AGEP) to bring in prospective graduate students for 6 weeks in the summer. The students are allowed to engage in academic and social interactions with faculty and students, at the end of which they take placement exams in the four classical chemistry sub-disciplines. These are ACS standardized exams at the undergraduate level.

    Early Transition to Research Enterprise, Interdisciplinary Training

    After the students have demonstrated competency at the undergraduate levels in the core chemistry sub-disciplines, we require them to take only 15 hours of chemistry coursework prior to candidacy. Thus the student is provided an early transition into the research enterprise. Depending on the students' research and career interest, they can take courses from other disciplines to satisfy the remainder of the 36 hours of coursework that is required for the doctoral program, thus providing opportunities for interdisciplinary training.

    Group Mentoring, Developing Communication Skills

    The students are now provided the opportunities to hone their communication and learning skills in several ways including:

  • Oral presentations to an advisory committee (3 faculty), and at national professional meetings
  • Enrolling in on-campus Preparing Future Faculty (PFF) courses
  • Writing proposals for research and training support
  • Preparing manuscripts for publications
  • Thus, the revised doctoral program is aptly titled, "Providing Opportunities for Scholarship and Research"

    ACADEMIC ENHANCEMENT AND MENTORING

    PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS
    This link provides the detailed program requirements


    Tools and Resources

    The program collaborates with nationally funded programs to provide funds for recruiting and competitive stipends. Additionally, through industry-university partnership, students engage in summer research in industrial laboratories as part of a curriculum practical training program. Some of the tools and resources that are used for developing researchers and scholars are listed below:

  • Recruiting
  • Competitive Stipend
  • Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL)
  • Workshop on Responsible Conduct of Research
  • Curriculum Practical Training (CPT)
  • Teaching Assistantship
  • Group Mentoring
  • Coursework
  • Placement Exams
  • Cumulative Exams
  • Seminar Presentations
  • Writing Grant Proposals
  • Writing Manuscripts
  • Dissertation Research
  • ALLIANCE for GRADUATE EDUCATION and the PROFESSORIATE (AGEP)
    Through the collaboration with the AGEP program, funds for recruinting and summer academic enhancement are provided.

    BRIDGE to the DOCTORATE
    Through the Bridge to the Doctorate program a competitive stipend ($30,000/year) is offered to some incoming graduate students.

    PREPARING FUTURE FACULTY (PFF)
    Students enroll in courses offered by the PFF program. These courses consist of lectures, workshops, and activities focusing on the pedagogies of teaching and learning.

    RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT of RESEARCH (RCR)
    This is a two-day training workshop that is a requirement for admission to candidacy. To receive the RCR certificate, students must complete both training sessions and successfully complete a learning assessment exercise at the end of day two.

    NEW GRADUATE STUDENT ORIENTATION
    The orientation will acclimate the student to the registration process, familirize the student with available resources, facilitate transition into Graduate School, and equip the student with the necessary tools to ensure successful matriculation.


    Program Context

    The graduate program assumes that every incoming student intends to pursue the Ph.D. degree. It therefore seeks to provide a challenging curriculum for all students in addition to offering significant opportunities to those students with less accomplished academic backgrounds. Over the last 20 years the department has graduated 10-20 percent of the African American chemistry doctorates produced in the United States each year. Feedback from some of these alumni indicates the need to evolve a program that is more focused on comprehensive professional development. In the late 70's and early 80's, most of our doctorates pursued academic careers, while in the late 80's and 90's most pursued careers in industry and government. Thus, the revised program focuses on preparing the students for the challenges and responsibilities of the new doctorates. Consequently, there are several components that are collectively designed to promote disciplinary competency, interdisciplinary training and research, group mentoring, collegiality among faculty and student, communication skills, and dynamic programmatic assessment.

    Additionally, the revised program seeks

  • to build upon a national reputation as a leading graduate chemistry program as perceived by peer institutions, the National Research Council, American Chemical Society, and other relevant professional organizations.
  • to educate and develop students who are capable of future leadership roles, as demonstrated by their ability to formulate new ideas and expand on existing ideas, and who have the capacity to propagate the vigor and intellectual integrity of the chemistry profession and related fields.
  • to produce, on a consistent basis, about 7 African American doctorates/year from 2010.


  • Goals for Students

    Upon completion of the Ph.D. program, students should be capable of

  • demonstrating excellent theoretical knowledge
  • thinking critically
  • communicating basic chemistry knowledge to scientists and students through oral presentations
  • communicating research findings to scientists through oral presentations and peer-reviewed publications
  • extending the frontiers of knowledge in their chosen specialty area
  • supervising undergraduate and graduate research projects
  • demonstrating excellent inter-personal relationships with colleagues and others
  • Prospective Students in Summer Program


    Reflection from Nicole John, a Ph.D. Student

    The program looks extremely good and I know that incoming students will benefit greatly from these developments. I especially like the summer preparatory program. I think that in addition to receiving instruction on the core courses, the students should also be counselled on what exactly is necessary for successful completion of a Ph.D. program......The students should be advised to read books on the Ph.D. experience, possible pitfalls and how to avoid them..........there needs to be increased collaboration between faculty, too often students feel that they can not seek out the advice and guidance from faculty other than their main advisor. That is extemely detrimental to the student, because no one person can adequately meet all the needs of a student all the time..........I am seriously considering a career in education and although I am not able to attend formal classes, I think that I should start preparing myself as best as I can......



    How Do We Know It Works?

    There are several components of the program designed to assist in measuring the level of competency of each student, some of which are listed below.

    ACS Standardized Placement Examinations:

    In order to test the competency at the undergraduate level, incoming students must pass the American Chemical Society (ACS) standardized exams in analytical, inorganic, organic, and physical chemistry.

    Cumulative Examinations:

    In an effort to expose students to current literature, topics, and critical thinking, cumulative exams are given in at least 2 chemistry sub-disciplines.

    Advisory Committees and Communication Skills:

    Each student has an advisory committee comprised of a research advisor and 2 faculty. This committee plays the primary mentoring role for the student who is required

  • to give two oral presentations to the advisory committee prior to candidacy,
  • to write and defend a dissertation proposal in form of a grant application, and
  • to give a seminar to the department prior to dissertation defense.
  • Dissertation Defense:

    This is the last of the major transitions by the student. The final oral examination is based primarily upon the student's research, the field of his/her research and related areas of study. The unanimous passing of the oral and the unanimous acceptance of the dissertation is transmitted to the graduate school by the dissertation committee (at least 5 members) in order to fulfill all the requirements for the Ph.D. degree.


    ASSESSMENT TOOLS
    Sample Placement Exam


    Unanswered Questions

  • What constitutes an appropriate cutoff in the placement exams that will demonstrate core competency?
  • How do we formalize the students' participation in professional meetings?
  • How do we promote the culture of grantsmanship among students within their time constraint?
  • How do faculty engage students in the process of peer-review publications?
  • How do we truly measure the ability to think critically?
  • Will the programmatic changes result in better mentor/mentee relationship?


  • Contact Information

    Dr. Folahan O. Ayorinde

    fayorinde@howard.edu

    Dr. John Harkless

    jharkless@howard.edu

    Dr. Jesse M. Nicholson

    jnicholson@howard.edu


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